--- language: - en license: apache-2.0 library_name: sentence-transformers tags: - sentence-transformers - sentence-similarity - feature-extraction - generated_from_trainer - dataset_size:6300 - loss:MatryoshkaLoss - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 datasets: [] metrics: - cosine_accuracy@1 - cosine_accuracy@3 - cosine_accuracy@5 - cosine_accuracy@10 - cosine_precision@1 - cosine_precision@3 - cosine_precision@5 - cosine_precision@10 - cosine_recall@1 - cosine_recall@3 - cosine_recall@5 - cosine_recall@10 - cosine_ndcg@10 - cosine_mrr@10 - cosine_map@100 widget: - source_sentence: FedEx supports the mental health and well-being of its employees and their household members by providing 24/7 confidential counseling services and frequently communicating with employees on how to access these resources, with an increased focus on mental health resources in recent years. sentences: - What are some of the key elements that management considers when making critical accounting estimates for Garmin? - How does FedEx support the mental health and well-being of its employees and their household members? - What was AbbVie's strategy for achieving its financial performance in 2023? - source_sentence: Our tax returns are routinely audited and settlements of issues raised in these audits sometimes affect our tax provisions. sentences: - What was the total long-term debt, including the current portion, for AbbVie as of December 31, 2023? - How are tax returns affecting the company's tax provisions when audited? - What are the effective dates for the main provisions and additional data collection and reporting requirements of the final rule impacting AENB's compliance obligations? - source_sentence: In 2023, Machinery, Energy & Transportation held cash and cash equivalents amounting to $6,106 million, compared to $6,042 million in 2022. sentences: - How much cash and cash equivalents did Machinery, Energy & Transportation hold in 2023 compared to 2022? - As of the report's date, how does the company view the necessity of disclosing pending legal proceedings? - What strategies does the company use to mitigate increasing shipping costs? - source_sentence: As of December 31, 2023, the total amortized cost, net of valuation allowance, for non-U.S. government securities amounted to $14,516 million. sentences: - How did the combined ratio change from 2022 to 2023? - What changes occurred in the valuation of equity warrants from 2021 to 2023? - What was the total amortized cost, net of valuation allowance, for non-U.S. government securities as of December 31, 2023? - source_sentence: Personal Systems net revenue was $35,684 million for the fiscal year 2023. sentences: - What was the total net revenue for the Personal Systems segment in the fiscal year 2023? - What are the revised maximum leverage ratios under the Senior Credit Facilities for the periods specified and in connection with certain material acquisitions? - What was the total net sales for the Dollar Tree segment in the year ended January 28, 2023? pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity model-index: - name: BGE base Financial Matryoshka results: - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 768 type: dim_768 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.7071428571428572 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8285714285714286 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8657142857142858 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.9042857142857142 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.7071428571428572 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.27619047619047615 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.17314285714285713 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.09042857142857141 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.7071428571428572 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8285714285714286 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8657142857142858 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.9042857142857142 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.8089576129709927 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7781173469387753 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7818167550402533 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 512 type: dim_512 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.7 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8357142857142857 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8671428571428571 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.9114285714285715 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.7 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2785714285714286 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.1734285714285714 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.09114285714285712 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.7 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8357142857142857 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8671428571428571 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.9114285714285715 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.8092516903954083 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7763032879818597 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7797147792125239 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 256 type: dim_256 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.7028571428571428 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8357142857142857 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8628571428571429 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.9014285714285715 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.7028571428571428 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2785714285714286 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.17257142857142854 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.09014285714285714 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.7028571428571428 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8357142857142857 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8628571428571429 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.9014285714285715 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.8068517806127258 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7762273242630382 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7800735216126475 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 128 type: dim_128 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.69 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8171428571428572 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8457142857142858 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.8971428571428571 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.69 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2723809523809524 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.16914285714285712 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.0897142857142857 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.69 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8171428571428572 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8457142857142858 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.8971428571428571 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.7940646861464341 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7611541950113375 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7650200641460506 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 64 type: dim_64 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.6428571428571429 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.7785714285714286 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.82 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.86 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.6428571428571429 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2595238095238095 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.16399999999999998 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.086 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.6428571428571429 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.7785714285714286 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.82 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.86 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.7522449699920628 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7175958049886619 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7226733508592172 name: Cosine Map@100 --- # BGE base Financial Matryoshka This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. Dataset - philschmid/finanical-rag-embedding-dataset ## Model Details ### Model Description - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer - **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens - **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens - **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity - **Language:** en - **License:** apache-2.0 ### Model Sources - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) - **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers) ### Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) (2): Normalize() ) ``` ## Usage ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) First install the Sentence Transformers library: ```bash pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can load this model and run inference. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer # Download from the šŸ¤— Hub model = SentenceTransformer("Nishanth7803/bge-base-finetuned-financial") # Run inference sentences = [ 'Personal Systems net revenue was $35,684 million for the fiscal year 2023.', 'What was the total net revenue for the Personal Systems segment in the fiscal year 2023?', 'What are the revised maximum leverage ratios under the Senior Credit Facilities for the periods specified and in connection with certain material acquisitions?', ] embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings.shape) # [3, 768] # Get the similarity scores for the embeddings similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) print(similarities.shape) # [3, 3] ``` ## Evaluation ### Metrics #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_768` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.7071 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8286 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8657 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9043 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.7071 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2762 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1731 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0904 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.7071 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8286 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8657 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.9043 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.809 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7781 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7818** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_512` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.7 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8357 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8671 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9114 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.7 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2786 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1734 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0911 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.7 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8357 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8671 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.9114 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.8093 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7763 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7797** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_256` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.7029 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8357 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8629 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9014 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.7029 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2786 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1726 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0901 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.7029 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8357 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8629 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.9014 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.8069 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7762 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7801** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_128` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.69 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8171 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8457 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.8971 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.69 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2724 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1691 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0897 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.69 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8171 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8457 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.8971 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7941 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7612 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.765** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_64` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.6429 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.7786 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.82 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.86 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.6429 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2595 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.164 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.086 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.6429 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.7786 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.82 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.86 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7522 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7176 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7227** | ## Training Details ### Training Dataset philschmid/finanical-rag-embedding-dataset * Size: 6,300 training samples * Columns: positive and anchor * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | positive | anchor | |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | | details | | | * Samples: | positive | anchor | |:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | In addition, most group health plans and issuers of group or individual health insurance coverage are required to disclose personalized pricing information to their participants, beneficiaries, and enrollees through an online consumer tool, by phone, or in paper form, upon request. Cost estimates must be provided in real-time based on cost-sharing information that is accurate at the time of the request. | What are the requirements for health insurers and group health plans in providing cost estimates to consumers? | | Gross profit energy generation and storage segment | $ | 1,141 | What was the gross profit of the energy generation and storage segment in the year ended December 31, 2023? | | In addition, eBay authenticates eligible luxury and collectible items in five categories through ā€œAuthenticity Guaranteeā€, an independent authentication service available in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and Canada. | What does eBay's Authenticity Guarantee service offer? | * Loss: [MatryoshkaLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters: ```json { "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss", "matryoshka_dims": [ 768, 512, 256, 128, 64 ], "matryoshka_weights": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ], "n_dims_per_step": -1 } ``` ### Training Hyperparameters #### Non-Default Hyperparameters - `eval_strategy`: epoch - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 16 - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 - `num_train_epochs`: 4 - `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `fp16`: True - `load_best_model_at_end`: True - `optim`: adamw_torch_fused - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates #### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand - `overwrite_output_dir`: False - `do_predict`: False - `eval_strategy`: epoch - `prediction_loss_only`: True - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 - `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None - `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 16 - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 - `weight_decay`: 0.0 - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 - `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 - `num_train_epochs`: 4 - `max_steps`: -1 - `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `warmup_steps`: 0 - `log_level`: passive - `log_level_replica`: warning - `log_on_each_node`: True - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True - `save_safetensors`: True - `save_on_each_node`: False - `save_only_model`: False - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False - `no_cuda`: False - `use_cpu`: False - `use_mps_device`: False - `seed`: 42 - `data_seed`: None - `jit_mode_eval`: False - `use_ipex`: False - `bf16`: False - `fp16`: True - `fp16_opt_level`: O1 - `half_precision_backend`: auto - `bf16_full_eval`: False - `fp16_full_eval`: False - `tf32`: None - `local_rank`: 0 - `ddp_backend`: None - `tpu_num_cores`: None - `tpu_metrics_debug`: False - `debug`: [] - `dataloader_drop_last`: False - `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None - `past_index`: -1 - `disable_tqdm`: False - `remove_unused_columns`: True - `label_names`: None - `load_best_model_at_end`: True - `ignore_data_skip`: False - `fsdp`: [] - `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} - `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} - `deepspeed`: None - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 - `optim`: adamw_torch_fused - `optim_args`: None - `adafactor`: False - `group_by_length`: False - `length_column_name`: length - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False - `skip_memory_metrics`: True - `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False - `push_to_hub`: False - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None - `hub_model_id`: None - `hub_strategy`: every_save - `hub_private_repo`: False - `hub_always_push`: False - `gradient_checkpointing`: False - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None - `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True - `fp16_backend`: auto - `push_to_hub_model_id`: None - `push_to_hub_organization`: None - `mp_parameters`: - `auto_find_batch_size`: False - `full_determinism`: False - `torchdynamo`: None - `ray_scope`: last - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 - `torch_compile`: False - `torch_compile_backend`: None - `torch_compile_mode`: None - `dispatch_batches`: None - `split_batches`: None - `include_tokens_per_second`: False - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None - `optim_target_modules`: None - `batch_eval_metrics`: False - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
### Training Logs | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | dim_128_cosine_map@100 | dim_256_cosine_map@100 | dim_512_cosine_map@100 | dim_64_cosine_map@100 | dim_768_cosine_map@100 | |:----------:|:------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:---------------------:|:----------------------:| | 0.8122 | 10 | 1.5914 | - | - | - | - | - | | 0.9746 | 12 | - | 0.7520 | 0.7713 | 0.7706 | 0.6969 | 0.7753 | | 1.6244 | 20 | 0.6901 | - | - | - | - | - | | 1.9492 | 24 | - | 0.7616 | 0.7821 | 0.7799 | 0.7173 | 0.7795 | | 2.4365 | 30 | 0.4967 | - | - | - | - | - | | 2.9239 | 36 | - | 0.7643 | 0.7815 | 0.7801 | 0.7219 | 0.7817 | | 3.2487 | 40 | 0.3894 | - | - | - | - | - | | **3.8985** | **48** | **-** | **0.765** | **0.7801** | **0.7797** | **0.7227** | **0.7818** | * The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint. ### Framework Versions - Python: 3.10.12 - Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1 - Transformers: 4.41.2 - PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121 - Accelerate: 0.31.0 - Datasets: 2.19.2 - Tokenizers: 0.19.1 ## Citation ### BibTeX #### Sentence Transformers ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ``` #### MatryoshkaLoss ```bibtex @misc{kusupati2024matryoshka, title={Matryoshka Representation Learning}, author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi}, year={2024}, eprint={2205.13147}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.LG} } ``` #### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss ```bibtex @misc{henderson2017efficient, title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil}, year={2017}, eprint={1705.00652}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```