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women and people of color in science | T_5013 | Despite their relative lack of opportunities, women and people of color have made many important contributions to science. Several have won Nobel prizes for their discoveries. Just a few of their contributions to physical science are presented in Table 1.1. Scientist Marie Curie (1867-1934) Contribution Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel prizeand she won two of them! She won the 1903 Nobel prize for physics for her discovery of radiation. She won the 1911 Nobel prize for chemistry for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium. C. V. Raman (1888-1970) C. V. Raman was an Indian scientist who won the 1930 Nobel prize for physics. He made important discoveries about how light travels through transparent materials. He was also made a knight of the British Empire for his work. Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906-1972) Maria Goeppert-Mayer was a German-born American scientist who won the 1963 Nobel prize for physics. She helped to develop a new model of the nucleus of the atom. She was just the second woman to win a Nobel prize for physics, after Marie Curie. Ada E. Yonath (1939-present) Ada E. Yonath was a co-winner of the 2009 Nobel prize in chemistry. She made important discoveries about ribosomes, the structures in living cells where proteins are made. Scientist Mario Molina (1943-present) Contribution Mario Molina is a Mexican-born scientist who won the 1995 Nobel prize for chemistry. He helped to discover how the ozone layer in the atmosphere is being destroyed by pollution. He has received more than 18 honorary degrees for his contributions and even has an asteroid named after him. |