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1576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20de%20Albuquerque | Afonso de Albuquerque | Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa (; 1453 – 16 December 1515) was a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman. He served as viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515, during which he expanded Portuguese influence across the Indian Ocean and built a reputation as a fierce and skilled military commander. |
1577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaeus%20of%20Mytilene | Alcaeus of Mytilene | Alcaeus of Mytilene (; , Alkaios ho Mutilēnaios; – BC) was a lyric poet from the Greek island of Lesbos who is credited with inventing the Alcaic stanza. He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. He was a contemporary of Sappho, with whom he may have exchanged poems. He was born into the aristocratic governing class of Mytilene, the main city of Lesbos, where he was involved in political disputes and feuds. |
1578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcamenes | Alcamenes | Alcamenes () was an ancient Greek sculptor of Lemnos and Athens, who flourished in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC. He was a younger contemporary of Phidias and noted for the delicacy and finish of his works, among which a Hephaestus and an Aphrodite of the Gardens were conspicuous. |
16241786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohitany | Vohitany | Vohitany is a town and commune () in southwestern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ampanihy, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census. |
1579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcmene | Alcmene | In Greek mythology, Alcmene () or Alcmena (; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκμήνη or Doric Greek: Ἀλκμάνα, Latin: Alcumena means "strong in wrath") was the wife of Amphitryon by whom she bore two children, Iphicles and Laonome. She is best known as the mother of Heracles, whose father was the god Zeus. Alcmene was also referred to as Electryone (Ἠλεκτρυώνη), a patronymic name as a daughter of Electryon. |
1580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcidamas | Alcidamas | Alcidamas (), of Elaea, in Aeolis, was a Greek sophist and rhetorician, who flourished in the 4th century BC. |
1581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldine%20Press | Aldine Press | The Aldine Press was the printing office started by Aldus Manutius in 1494 in Venice, from which were issued the celebrated Aldine editions of the classics (Latin and Greek masterpieces, plus a few more modern works). The first book that was dated and printed under his name appeared in 1495. |
1583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealdred%20%28archbishop%20of%20York%29 | Ealdred (archbishop of York) | Ealdred (or Aldred; died 11 September 1069) was Abbot of Tavistock, Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of York in early medieval England. He was related to a number of other ecclesiastics of the period. After becoming a monk at the monastery at Winchester, he was appointed Abbot of Tavistock Abbey in around 1027. In 1046 he was named to the Bishopric of Worcester. Ealdred, besides his episcopal duties, served Edward the Confessor, the King of England, as a diplomat and as a military leader. He worked to bring one of the king's relatives, Edward the Exile, back to England from Hungary to secure an heir for the childless king. |
1585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20I%20of%20Epirus | Alexander I of Epirus | Alexander I of Epirus (; c. 371 BC – 331 BC), also known as Alexander Molossus (), was a king of Epirus (343/2–331 BC) of the Aeacid dynasty. As the son of Neoptolemus I and brother of Olympias, Alexander I was an uncle, and a brother-in-law, of Alexander the Great. He was also an uncle of Pyrrhus of Epirus, (Aeacides of Epirus was a cousin of Alexander I and the father of Pyrrhus). |
1586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Balas | Alexander Balas | Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas (), was the ruler of the Greek Seleucid Empire from 150/Summer 152 – August 145 BC. Picked from obscurity and supported by the neighboring Roman-allied Kingdom of Pergamon, Alexander landed in Phoenicia in 152 BC and started a civil war against Seleucid King Demetrius I Soter. Backed by mercenaries and factions of the Seleucid Empire unhappy with the existing government, he defeated Demetrius and took the crown in 150 BC. He married the princess Cleopatra Thea to seal an alliance with the neighboring Ptolemaic kingdom. His reign saw the steady retreat of the Seleucid Empire's eastern border, with important eastern satrapies such as Media being lost to the nascent Parthian Empire. In 147 BC, Demetrius II Nicator, the young son of Demetrius I, began a campaign to overthrow Balas, and civil war resumed. Alexander's ally, Ptolemaic king Ptolemy VI Philometor, moved troops into Coele-Syria to support Alexander, but then switched sides and threw his support behind Demetrius II. At the Battle of the Oenoparus River in Syria, he was defeated by Ptolemy VI. Alexander died shortly afterward. |
1587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20of%20Pherae | Alexander of Pherae | Alexander () was Tyrant or Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, ruling from 369 to c. 356 BC. Following the assassination of Jason, the tyrant of Pherae and Tagus of Thessaly, in 370 BC, his brother Polydorus ruled for a year, but he was then poisoned by another brother (or nephew, according to Xenephon), Alexander. Alexander governed tyrannically and was constantly seeking to control Thessaly and the kingdom of Macedonia. He also engaged in piratical raids on Attica. Alexander was murdered by the brothers of his wife, Thebe, as it was said that she lived in fear of her husband and hated Alexander's cruel and brutal character. |
1588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20II%20of%20Epirus | Alexander II of Epirus | Alexander II was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles. |
1589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Jagiellon | Alexander Jagiellon | Alexander Jagiellon (; ; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the grand duke of Lithuania and later also king of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon. He was elected grand duke of Lithuania on the death of his father (1492) and king of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert (1501). |
1592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20III%20of%20Russia | Alexander III of Russia | Alexander III (; 10 March 18451 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. This policy is known in Russia as "counter-reforms" (). Under the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907), he opposed any reform that limited his autocratic rule. During his reign, Russia fought no major wars; he was therefore styled "The Peacemaker" (). It was he who helped forge the Russo-French Alliance. |
1593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20I%20of%20Scotland | Alexander I of Scotland | Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim; modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death. He succeeded his brother, King Edgar, and his successor was his brother David. He was married to Sybilla of Normandy, an illegitimate daughter of Henry I of England. |
1594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20II%20of%20Scotland | Alexander II of Scotland | Alexander II (Medieval Gaelic: ; Modern Gaelic: ; 24 August 1198 – 6 July 1249) was King of Scotland from 1214 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of York (1237) which defined the boundary between England and Scotland, virtually unchanged today. |
1595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20I%20of%20Serbia | Alexander I of Serbia | Alexander I (; 14 August 187611 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbian Army officers, led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević. |
1596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20III%20of%20Scotland | Alexander III of Scotland | Alexander III (Medieval ; Modern Gaelic: ; 4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286) was King of Scots from 1249 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of Perth, by which Scotland acquired sovereignty over the Western Isles and the Isle of Man. His heir, Margaret, Maid of Norway, died before she could be crowned. |
1597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20of%20Greece%20%28disambiguation%29 | Alexander of Greece (disambiguation) | Alexander of Greece (1893–1920) was king of Greece from 1917 until his death. |
1599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20of%20Aphrodisias | Alexander of Aphrodisias | Alexander of Aphrodisias (; AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria, and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the Prior Analytics, Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics. Several original treatises also survive, and include a work On Fate, in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of necessity; and one On the Soul. His commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was styled, by way of pre-eminence, "the commentator" (). |
1600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severus%20Alexander | Severus Alexander | Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – 21/22 March 235) was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his slain cousin Elagabalus in 222. Alexander himself was eventually assassinated, and his death marked the beginning of the events of the Third Century Crisis, which included nearly fifty years of civil war, foreign invasion, and the collapse of the monetary economy. |
1601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander | Alexander | Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. |
1602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20I | Alexander I | Alexander I may refer to: |
1603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20II | Alexander II | Alexander II may refer to: |
1604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20III | Alexander III | Alexander III may refer to: |
1605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Aetolus | Alexander Aetolus | Alexander Aetolus (, Ἀléxandros ὁ Aἰtōlós) was a Greek poet and grammarian, the only known representative of Aetolian poetry. |
1606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Jannaeus | Alexander Jannaeus | Alexander Jannaeus ( ; Yannaʾy; born Jonathan ) was the second king of the Hasmonean dynasty, who ruled over an expanding kingdom of Judea from 103 to 76 BCE. A son of John Hyrcanus, he inherited the throne from his brother Aristobulus I, and married his brother's widow, Queen Salome Alexandra. From his conquests to expand the kingdom to a bloody civil war, Alexander's reign has been generalised as cruel and oppressive with never-ending conflict. The major historical sources of Alexander's life are Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews and The Jewish War. |
1607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20IV | Alexander IV | Alexander IV may refer to:
Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. 1185–1261), Pope from 1254 until his death
Alexander IV of Macedon (323 BC–309 BC), son of Alexander the Great
Alexander IV of Imereti (died 1695), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, king of Imereti (western Georgia) |
1608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20V | Alexander V | Alexander V may refer to: |
1612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrists | Alexandrists | The Alexandrists were a school of Renaissance philosophers who, in the great controversy on the subject of personal immortality, adopted the explanation of the De Anima given by Alexander of Aphrodisias. |
1613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios%20I%20Komnenos | Alexios I Komnenos | Alexios I Komnenos (, 1057 – 15 August 1118), Latinized Alexius I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration. The basis for this recovery were various reforms initiated by Alexios. His appeals to Western Europe for help against the Turks were also the catalyst that contributed to the convoking of the Crusades. |
1614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20%28poet%29 | Alexis (poet) | Alexis (; c. 375 – c. 275 BC) was a Greek comic poet of the Middle Comedy period. He was born at Thurii (in present-day Calabria, Italy) in Magna Graecia and taken early to Athens, He had a son named Stephanus (Στέφανος) who was also a comic poet. |
1615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios%20II%20Komnenos | Alexios II Komnenos | Alexios II Komnenos (; 14 September 1169September 1183), Latinized Alexius II Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. He ascended to the throne as a minor. For the duration of his short reign, the imperial power was de facto held by regents. |
1616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios%20III%20Angelos | Alexios III Angelos | Alexios III Angelos (; 1211) was Byzantine Emperor from March 1195 to 17/18 July 1203. He reigned under the name Alexios Komnenos (), associating himself with the Komnenos dynasty (from which he was descended matrilineally). A member of the extended imperial family, Alexios came to throne after deposing, blinding and imprisoning his younger brother Isaac II Angelos. The most significant event of his reign was the attack of the Fourth Crusade on Constantinople in 1203, on behalf of Alexios IV Angelos. Alexios III took over the defence of the city, which he mismanaged, and then fled the city at night with one of his three daughters. From Adrianople, and then Mosynopolis, he attempted unsuccessfully to rally his supporters, only to end up a captive of Marquis Boniface of Montferrat. He was ransomed, sent to Asia Minor where he plotted against his son-in-law Theodore Laskaris, but was eventually captured and spent his last days confined to the Monastery of Hyakinthos in Nicaea, where he died. |
1617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios%20V%20Doukas | Alexios V Doukas | Alexios V Doukas (; – December 1204), in Latinised spelling Alexius V Ducas, was Byzantine emperor from February to April 1204, just prior to the sack of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade. His family name was Doukas, but he was also known by the nickname Mourtzouphlos or Murtzuphlus (), referring to either bushy, overhanging eyebrows or a sullen, gloomy character. He achieved power through a palace coup, killing his predecessors in the process. Though he made vigorous attempts to defend Constantinople from the crusader army, his military efforts proved ineffective. His actions won the support of the mass of the populace, but he alienated the elite of the city. Following the fall, sack, and occupation of the city, Alexios V was blinded by another ex-emperor and later executed by the new Latin regime. He was the last Byzantine emperor to rule in Constantinople until the Byzantine recapture of Constantinople in 1261. |
1620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei%20Petrovich%2C%20Tsarevich%20of%20Russia | Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia | Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia (28 February 1690 – 7 July 1718) was a Russian Tsarevich. He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter I and his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina. Alexei despised his father and repeatedly thwarted Peter's plans to raise him as successor to the throne. His brief defection to Austria scandalized the Russian government, leading to harsh repressions against Alexei and his associates. Alexei died after interrogation under torture, and his son Peter Alexeyevich became the new heir apparent. |
1623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Jackson | Andrew Jackson | Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American lawyer, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. An expansionist president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the "common man" against a "corrupt aristocracy" and to preserve the Union. |
1624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Johnson | Andrew Johnson | Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, coming to office as the Civil War concluded. He favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the former slaves. This led to conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives in 1868. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote. |
1625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Solzhenitsyn | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist, philosopher, historian, short story writer, and political prisoner. One of the most famous Soviet dissidents, Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of communism and helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union (USSR), in particular the Gulag system. |
1627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen | Aberdeen | Aberdeen (; ; ; ) is a city in North East Scotland. It is the third most populous city in Scotland, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas (as Aberdeen City) and the United Kingdom's 39th most populous built-up area, with an official 2018 population estimate of for the city of Aberdeen and for the local council area. |
1628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%2023 | August 23 | In ancient astrology, it is a cusp day between Virgo and Leo. |
1629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%2024 | August 24 | |
1633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope | Antipope | An antipope () is a person who, in opposition to the legitimately elected pope, makes a significant attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church. At times between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by important factions within the Church itself and by secular rulers. |
1634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture | Aquaculture | Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lotus). Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater, brackish water and saltwater populations under controlled or semi-natural conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Mariculture, commonly known as marine farming, refers specifically to aquaculture practiced in seawater habitats and lagoons, opposed to in freshwater aquaculture. Pisciculture is a type of aquaculture that consists of the culturing of fish (fish farming) to obtain fish and fish products as food. |
1635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20complexity | Kolmogorov complexity | In algorithmic information theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer program (in a predetermined programming language) that produces the object as output. It is a measure of the computational resources needed to specify the object, and is also known as algorithmic complexity, Solomonoff–Kolmogorov–Chaitin complexity, program-size complexity, descriptive complexity, or algorithmic entropy. It is named after Andrey Kolmogorov, who first published on the subject in 1963. |
1637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn%20to%20Proserpine | Hymn to Proserpine | “Hymn to Proserpine” is a poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in Poems and Ballads in 1866. The poem is addressed to the goddess Proserpina, the Roman equivalent of Persephone, but laments the rise of Christianity for displacing the pagan goddess and her pantheon. |
1638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Triumph%20of%20Time | The Triumph of Time | "The Triumph of Time" is a poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in Poems and Ballads in 1866. It is in adapted ottava rima and is full of elaborate use of literary devices, particularly alliteration. The theme, which purports to be autobiographical, is that of rejected love. The speaker deplores the ruin of his life, and in tones at times reminiscent of Hamlet, craves oblivion, for which the sea serves as a constant metaphor. |
1639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%2028 | April 28 | |
1640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20the%20Great | Alfred the Great | Alfred the Great (848/849 – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to and King of the Anglo-Saxons from until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf and his first wife Osburh, who both died when Alfred was young. Three of Alfred's brothers, Æthelbald, Æthelberht and Æthelred, reigned in turn before him. Under Alfred's rule, considerable administrative and military reforms were introduced, prompting lasting change in England. |
1642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro%20Algardi | Alessandro Algardi | Alessandro Algardi (November 27, 1598 – June 10, 1654) was an Italian high-Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome, where for the latter decades of his life, he was, along with Francesco Borromini and Pietro da Cortona, one of the major rivals of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. He is now most admired for his portrait busts that have great vivacity and dignity. |
1643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alger%20of%20Li%C3%A8ge | Alger of Liège | Alger of Liège (1055–1131), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman and canonist from Liège, author of several notable works. |
1644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers | Algiers | Algiers ( ; ; Berber: Dzayer; French: Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145 and in 2011 was estimated to be around 3,500,000. An estimate puts the population of the larger metropolitan city to be around 5,000,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria. |
1645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn%20al-Haytham | Ibn al-Haytham | Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a Muslim Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age. Referred to as "the father of modern optics", he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His most influential work is titled Kitāb al-Manāẓir (Arabic: , "Book of Optics"), written during 1011–1021, which survived in a Latin edition. A polymath, he also wrote on philosophy, theology and medicine. |
1647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro%20Allori | Alessandro Allori | Alessandro di Cristofano di Lorenzo del Bronzino Allori (Florence, 31 May 153522 September 1607) was an Italian portrait painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school. |
1649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoravid%20dynasty | Almoravid dynasty | The Almoravid dynasty () was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Founded by Abu Bakr ibn Umar, the Almoravid capital was Marrakesh, a city the ruling house founded circa 1070. The dynasty originated among the Lamtuna and the Godala, nomadic Berber tribes of the Western Sahara, traversing the territory between the Draa, the Niger, and the Senegal rivers. |
1650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe | Aloe | Aloe (, ), also written Aloë, is a genus containing over 560 species of flowering succulent plants. The most widely known species is Aloe vera, or "true aloe". It is called this because it is cultivated as the standard source for assorted pharmaceutical purposes. Other species, such as Aloe ferox, are also cultivated or harvested from the wild for similar applications. |
1652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyattes%20of%20Lydia | Alyattes of Lydia | Alyattes (Lydian language: ; ; reigned c. 635-585 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges. He died after a reign of 57 years and was succeeded by his son Croesus. |
1653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age%20of%20consent | Age of consent | The age of consent is the age at which a person is considered to be legally competent to consent to sexual acts. Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a person younger than the age of consent is unable to legally claim that the sexual activity was consensual, and such sexual activity may be considered child sexual abuse or statutory rape. The person below the minimum age is considered the victim, and their sex partner the offender, although some jurisdictions provide exceptions through "Romeo and Juliet laws" if both participants are underage. One purpose of setting an age of consent is to protect an underage person from sexual advances. |
1654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alypius%20of%20Antioch | Alypius of Antioch | Alypius of Antioch was a geographer and a vicarius of Roman Britain, probably in the late 350s AD. He replaced Flavius Martinus after that vicarius' suicide. His rule is recorded is Ammianus XXIII 1, 3. |
1655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalasuintha | Amalasuintha | Amalasuintha (30 April 534/535) was an Ostrogoth queen and regent. She ruled the Ostrogoths as regent during the minority of her son from 526 to 534 and then as queen regnant from 534 to 535. She was the youngest daughter of Theoderic the Great, and firmly believed in the upholding of Roman virtues and values. She is best known for her diplomatic relationship with Justinian I, who invaded Italy in response to her assassination. |
1656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalric%20of%20Bena | Amalric of Bena | Amalric of Bena (; ; died ) was a French theologian, philosopher and sect leader, after whom the Amalricians are named. |
1657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20I%20of%20Portugal | Afonso I of Portugal | Afonso I (; born 1106, 1109 or 1111; died 1185), also called Afonso Henriques, nicknamed the Conqueror () by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali (in Arabic "the Portuguese") and Ibn-Arrink or Ibn Arrinq (in Arabic or "son of Henry", "Henriques") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first king of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the County of Portugal, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death. |
1658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20II%20of%20Portugal | Afonso II of Portugal | Afonso II (; English: Alphonzo; Archaic Portuguese: Affonso; Portuguese-Galician: Alfonso or Alphonso; Latin: Alphonsus; 23 April 118525 March 1223), nicknamed the Fat (o Gordo) or the Leper (o Gafo), was the third king of Portugal and the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal and Dulce of Aragon. Afonso succeeded his father on 27 March 1211. |
1659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20III%20of%20Portugal | Afonso III of Portugal | Afonso III (; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin), the Boulonnais (Port. o Bolonhês), King of Portugal (5 May 121016 February 1279) was the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who died on 4 January 1248. |
1660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20IV%20of%20Portugal | Afonso IV of Portugal | Afonso IV (; 8 February 129128 May 1357), called the Brave (), was King of Portugal from 1325 until his death in 1357. He was the only legitimate son of King Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Aragon. |
1661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20V%20of%20Portugal | Afonso V of Portugal | Afonso V () (15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481), known by the sobriquet the African (), was a King of Portugal. His sobriquet refers to his military conquests in Northern Africa. |
1662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20VI%20of%20Portugal | Afonso VI of Portugal | Afonso VI (; 21 August 164312 September 1683), known as "the Victorious" (), was the second King of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, the Count of Castelo Melhor. |
1663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonso%20I%20of%20Spain | Alphonso I of Spain | There has not been a monarch known as Alphonso or Alfonso I of Spain, the first king of that name of the unified Spain being Alfonso XII of Spain (1874–1885). Several precursor kingdoms have had an Alfonso I, including: |
1664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20II%20of%20Asturias | Alfonso II of Asturias | Alfonso II of Asturias (842), nicknamed the Chaste (), was the king of Asturias during two different periods: first in the year 783 and later from 791 until his death in 842. Upon his death, Nepociano, a family member of undetermined relation, attempted to usurp the crown in place of the future Ramiro I. |
1669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarasimha | Amarasimha | Amarasimha (IAST: Amara-siṃha, c. CE 375) was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet from ancient India, of whose personal history hardly anything is known. He is said to have been "one of the nine gems that adorned the throne of Vikramaditya," and according to the evidence of Xuanzang, this is the Chandragupta Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II) who flourished about CE 375. Other sources describe him as belonging to the period of Vikramaditya of 7th century. Most of Amarasiṃha's works were lost, with the exception of the celebrated Amara-Kosha (IAST: Amarakośa) (Treasury of Amara). The first reliable mention of the Amarakosha is in the Amoghavritti of Shakatayana composed during the reign of Amoghavarsha (814-867CE) |
1676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20XII | Alfonso XII | Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885. After a revolution that deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne in 1868, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Republic. Alfonso died aged 27 in 1885, and was succeeded by his son, Alfonso XIII, who was born the following year. He is the most recent monarch of Spain to have died while on the throne. |
1677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20XIII | Alfonso XIII | Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. |
1679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20the%20Battler | Alfonso the Battler | Alfonso I (c. 1073/10747 September 1134), called the Battler or the Warrior (), was the king of Aragon and Navarre from 1104 until his death in 1134. He was the second son of King Sancho Ramírez and successor of his brother Peter I. With his marriage to Urraca, queen regnant of Castile, León and Galicia, in 1109, he began to use, with some justification, the grandiose title Emperor of Spain, formerly employed by his father-in-law, Alfonso VI. Alfonso the Battler earned his sobriquet in the Reconquista. He won his greatest military successes in the middle Ebro, where he conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and took Ejea, Tudela, Calatayud, Borja, Tarazona, Daroca, and Monreal del Campo. He died in September 1134 after an unsuccessful battle with the Muslims at the Battle of Fraga. |
1680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllis | Amaryllis | Amaryllis () is the only genus in the subtribe Amaryllidinae (tribe Amaryllideae). It is a small genus of flowering bulbs, with two species. The better known of the two, Amaryllis belladonna, is a native of the Western Cape region of South Africa, particularly the rocky southwest area between the Olifants River Valley and Knysna. For many years there was confusion among botanists over the generic names Amaryllis and Hippeastrum, one result of which is that the common name "amaryllis" is mainly used for cultivars of the genus Hippeastrum, widely sold in the winter months for their ability to bloom indoors. Plants of the genus Amaryllis are known as belladonna lily, Jersey lily, naked lady, amarillo, Easter lily in Southern Australia or, in South Africa, March lily due to its propensity to flower around March. This is one of numerous genera with the common name "lily" due to their flower shape and growth habit. However, they are only distantly related to the true lily, Lilium. In the Victorian Language of Flowers (see Plant symbolism), amaryllis means "pride, determination and radiant beauty". |
1683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20III%20of%20Aragon | Alfonso III of Aragon | Alfonso III (4 November 1265, in Valencia – 18 June 1291), called the Liberal (el Liberal) or the Free (also "the Frank," from el Franc), was the king of Aragon and Valencia, count of Roussillon, Cerdanya and Barcelona (as ) from 1285. He conquered the Kingdom of Majorca between his succession and 1287. |
1684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20IV%20of%20Aragon | Alfonso IV of Aragon | Alfonso IV, called the Kind (also the Gentle or the Nice, ) (2 November 1299 – 24 January 1336) was King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona (as Alfons III) from 1327 to his death. His reign saw the incorporation of the County of Urgell, Duchy of Athens, and Duchy of Neopatria into the Crown of Aragon. |
1685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasis%20II | Amasis II | Amasis II () or Ahmose II was a pharaoh (reigned 570526 BCE) of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the successor of Apries at Sais. He was the last great ruler of Egypt before the Persian conquest. |
1686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20V%20of%20Aragon | Alfonso V of Aragon | Alfonso the Magnanimous (139627 June 1458) was the King of Aragon and King of Sicily (as Alfonso V) and the ruler of the Crown of Aragon from 1416 and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death. He was one of the most prominent political figures of the early Renaissance. |
1687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amathus | Amathus | Amathus or Amathous () was an ancient city and one of the ancient royal cities of Cyprus until about 300 BC. Some of its impressive remains can be seen today on the southern coast in front of Agios Tychonas, about west of Larnaca and east of Limassol. Its ancient cult sanctuary of Aphrodite was the second most important in Cyprus, her homeland, after Paphos. |
1688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphons | Alphons | Alphons (Latinized Alphonsus, Adelphonsus, or Adefonsus) is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. In the later medieval period it became a standard name in the Hispanic and Portuguese royal families. |
1689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20I | Alfonso I | Alfonso I may refer to: |
1690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amati | Amati | Amati (, ) is the last name of a family of Italian violin makers who lived at Cremona from about 1538 to 1740. Their importance is considered equal to those of the Bergonzi, Guarneri, and Stradivari families. Today, violins created by Nicolò Amati are valued at around $600,000. Because of their age and rarity, Amati instruments are mostly kept in museum or private collections and are seldom played in public. |
1691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20II | Alfonso II | Alfonso II may refer to:
Alfonso II of Asturias (791–842)
Alfonso II of Aragon (1162–1196)
Alfonso II, Count of Provence (1174–1209)
Afonso II of Portugal (1185–1223), "the Fat"
Alfonso, Count of Poitou (1220–1271), jure uxoris Alfonso II, Count of Toulouse
Alfonso II of Naples (1448–1495)
Alfonso II d'Este (1533–1597), duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597 |
1692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20III | Alfonso III | Alfonso III may refer to: |
1694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20IV | Alfonso IV | Alfonso IV may refer to:
Alfonso IV of Leon (924–931)
Afonso IV of Portugal (1291–1357)
Alfonso IV of Aragon (1327–1336)
Alfonso IV d'Este (1634–1662), Duke of Modena and Regg |
1695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazons | Amazons | In Greek mythology, the Amazons (Ancient Greek: Ἀμαζόνες Amazónes, singular Ἀμαζών Amazōn, via Latin Amāzon, -ŏnis) are portrayed in a number of ancient epic poems and legends, such as the Labours of Hercules, the Argonautica and the Iliad. They were a group of female warriors and hunters, who matched men in physical agility and strength, in archery, riding skills, and the arts of combat. Their society was closed for men and they only raised their daughters, either killing their sons or returning them to their fathers, with whom they would only socialize briefly in order to reproduce. |
1696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20V | Alfonso V | Alfonso V may refer to:
Alfonso V of León (999–1028)
Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–1458), The Magnanimous
Afonso V of Portugal (1432–1481), The African |
1697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambergris | Ambergris | Ambergris ( or , , ), ambergrease, or grey amber, is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, fecal odor. It acquires a sweet, earthy scent as it ages, commonly likened to the fragrance of rubbing alcohol without the vaporous chemical astringency. |
1698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiorix | Ambiorix | Ambiorix (Gaulish "king of the surroundings", or "king-protector") was, together with Cativolcus, prince of the Eburones, leader of a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica), where modern Belgium is located. In the nineteenth century Ambiorix became a Belgian national hero because of his resistance against Julius Caesar, as written in Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico. |
1700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Wilhelm%20Ambros | August Wilhelm Ambros | August Wilhelm Ambros (17 November 181628 June 1876) was an Austrian composer and music historian of Czech descent. |
1701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon%20River | Amazon River | The Amazon River (, ; , ) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and the disputed longest river in the world in comparison to the Nile. |
1702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20of%20Beverley | Alfred of Beverley | Alredus, or Alfred of Beverley, (fl. 1143), English chronicler, was sacristan of the church of Beverley in the first half of the twelfth century. |
1710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%2022 | April 22 | |
579530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly%20Popov | Anatoly Popov | Anatoly Alexandrovich Popov (; born July 10, 1960) is an ethnic Russian who was the Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic, Russia, from February 10, 2003, following the resignation of Mikhail Babich, to March 16, 2004. He was also acting President of the Chechen Republic from August 2003 to October 2003 during the presidential elections. |
1711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%2031 | August 31 | |
1714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autpert%20Ambrose | Autpert Ambrose | Autpert Ambrose (Ambroise) () (ca. 730 – 784) was a Frankish Benedictine monk. |
1715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20Bakr | Abu Bakr | Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (; 27 October 57323 August 634) was an Arab political and religious leader who founded the Rashidun Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph from 632 until his death in 634. He was the most prominent companion, closest advisor and a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr is one of the most important figures in Islamic history. |
1716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose%20Traversari | Ambrose Traversari | Ambrogio Traversari, also referred to as Ambrose of Camaldoli (138620 October 1439), was an Italian monk and theologian who was a prime supporter of the papal cause in the 15th century. He is honored as a saint by the Camaldolese Order. |
1717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosians | Ambrosians | Ambrosians are members of one of the religious brotherhoods which at various times since the 14th century have sprung up in and around Milan. |
1718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosiaster | Ambrosiaster | Ambrosiaster is the name given to the unknown author of a commentary on the epistles of Saint Paul, written some time between 366 and 384AD. This commentary was erroneously attributed for a long time to St. Ambrose, hence the name "Ambrosiaster" (literally in Latin: "would-be Ambrose"). Various conjectures have been made as to Ambrosiaster's true identity, and several other works have been attributed to the same author, with varying degrees of certainty. |